3.4.5 晶体轨道哈密顿量布局(COHP)#

不是所有问题都有送到眼前现成的答案,关于COHP的计算和分析,请自行网上搜索,并学会根据COHP开发组官方提供的手册学习如何设置计算参数: https://blog.shishiruqi.com/2019/04/22/cohp/
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/660119374
简单介绍一下如何计算COHP
对结构做一次SCF计算.
要用vasp_std版本,lobster后处理不支持gam版本的计算。
关键点:INCAR中设置ISYM=0,LWAVE=TRUE,NBANDS要足够高,一般等于体系总的电子轨道数。举个例子:
对于一个Fe10O2H1的结构,Fe的价电子轨道有9个:4s 3p_y 3p_z 3p_x 3d_xy 3d_yz 3d_z^2 3d_xz 3d_x^2-y^2;O的价电子轨道有4个:2s 2p_y 2p_z 2p_x;H的价电子轨道有1个:1s
因此,一共有10*9+2*4+1*1=99个轨道。那么NBANDS一般就要设置99及以上的数值,一般相等即可。
Lobster会读取当前路径下的lobsterin,INCAR,KPOINTS,POTCAR,CONTCAR,OUTCAR,WAVECAR,vasprun.xml文件
准备 lobsterin
准备一个lobsterin文件,文件名字要严格是这个,里面内容如下
COHPStartEnergy -28
COHPEndEnergy 10
includeOrbitals s p d
gaussianSmearingWidth 0.05
skipCOBI
skipMadelungEnergy
skipGrossPopulation
skipPopulationAnalysis
cohpBetween atom 252 atom 254最后一行的意思是计算CONTCAR中第252和第254原子对之间的数据。这里额外设置了一些skip参数,是为了跳过一些不必要的数据,我们只需要COHP数据。其余参数含义请自行阅读lobster手册。
运行 LOBSTER
通过提交脚本,运行lobster-4.1.0
指定64核运行
export OMP_NUM_THREADS=64~/software/lobster-4.1.0/lobster-4.1.0Lobsterout文件里面会显示运行lobster的核心数
LOBSTER v4.1.0 (g++ 7.5.0)
Copyright (C) 2021 by Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, RWTH Aachen.
starting on host cu004 on 2025-10-17 at 15:00:51 using 64 threads
detecting used PAW program... VASP
initializing PW system...读取 COHP 与 ICOHP 数据
程序运行结束后,我们从COHPCAR.lobster文件中获取COHP数据。ICOHPLIST.lobster是COHP积分到费米能级的值。
官方手册对该文档的内容解释为
COHPCAR.lobster: File that contains the pCOHPs as requested in the lobsterin file.
It resembles the format of TB-LMTO-ASA’s COPL file, which is organized as follows:
- Starting in line 3, the labels for the interactions are presented, followed by the actual data.
- Column 1: energy axis, shifted such that the Fermi level lies at zero eV.
- Column 2: pCOHP averaged over all atom pairs specified
- Column 3: integrated pCOHP (IpCOHP) averaged over all atom pairs
- Column 4: pCOHP of the first interaction
- Column 5: IpCOHP of the first interaction
- and so on...
Note that in a spin-polarized calculation, the first set of the columns (2, 3, …, 2N+3) belongs to the first (up) spin and the other set (2N+4, 2N+5, …, 4N+5) belongs to the second (down) spin. Here N is the number of interactions.
如果lobsterin里面特定指定了一个原子对,则只需要column1,2,3三列数据即可。Column3就是COHP的积分值。
输出文件的含义请查看lobster手册
同时计算多个原子对
如果想同时计算多个原子对,可以设置
COHPStartEnergy -28
COHPEndEnergy 10
includeOrbitals s p d
gaussianSmearingWidth 0.05
skipDOS
skipCOOP
skipCOBI
skipPopulationAnalysis
skipGrossPopulation
skipMadelungEnergy
cohpBetween atom 252 atom 253
cohpBetween atom 275 atom 280此时COHPCAR.lobster会有7列数字。第一列是能量,第二列和第三列是所有原子对(这里是两个原子对)的平均COHP和ICOHP;第四列和第五列是No1原子对的COHP和ICOHP;第六和第七列是No2原子对的COHP和ICOHP;这个信息在COHPCAR.lobster前面几行有提示,比如下面显示,表示有三组数据。H280-H275后面括号的数字表示这个原子对的距离。注意LOBSTER并不会对距离进行周期性处理,因此当这个距离较大时(接近胞的一半长度),这个距离可能不对。
Average
No.1:O253->O252(1.6994778129033621)
No.2:H280->H275(0.9482720507316258)ICOHPLIST.lobster里面有原子对的距离和对应的ICOHP在费米能级处的值
参考文献与分析资料
COHP原始文献Dronskowski R, Bloechl P E. Crystal orbital Hamilton populations (COHP): energy-resolved visualization of chemical bonding in solids based on density-functional calculations[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1993, 97(33): 8617-8624.
COHP的相关分析可以见
书籍:Computational Chemistry of Solid State Materials
书籍下载地址https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/9783527612277
Deringer V L, Tchougréeff A L, Dronskowski R. Crystal orbital Hamilton population (COHP) analysis as projected from plane-wave basis sets[J]. The journal of physical chemistry A, 2011, 115(21): 5461-5466.
Steinberg S, Dronskowski R. The crystal orbital Hamilton population (COHP) method as a tool to visualize and analyze chemical bonding in intermetallic compounds[J]. Crystals, 2018, 8(5): 225.
LOBSTER软件的论文:Nelson R, Ertural C, George J, et al. LOBSTER: Local orbital projections, atomic charges, and chemical‐bonding analysis from projector‐augmented‐wave‐based density‐functional theory[J]. Journal of computational chemistry, 2020, 41(21): 1931-1940.
或一些经验贴